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Robert Southey ( or ;〔Southey's biographer comments that: "There should be no doubt as to the proper pronunciation of the name: 'Sowthey'. The poet himself complained that people in the North would call him 'Mr Suthy'" (Jack Simmons: ''Southey'' (London: Collins, 1945), p. 9). Byron rhymed Southey with "mouthy" (''Don Juan'' Canto the First, Stanza 205) (Retrieved 12 August 2012. ) The alternative pronunciation, using the open-mid back unrounded vowel, continues to be used, and the ''Oxford English Dictionary'' cites both possible pronunciations for the word "Southeyan" (meaning: relating to Robert Southey or his work).〕 August 12, 1774 in Bristol – March 21, 1843 in London) was an English poet of the Romantic school, one of the so-called "Lake Poets", and Poet Laureate for 30 years from 1813 to his death in 1843. Although his fame has long been eclipsed by that of his contemporaries and friends William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Southey's verse still enjoys some popularity. Southey was also a prolific letter writer, literary scholar, essay writer, historian and biographer. His biographies include the life and works of John Bunyan, John Wesley, William Cowper, Oliver Cromwell and Horatio Nelson. The last has rarely been out of print since its publication in 1813 and was adapted for the screen in the 1926 British film, ''Nelson''. He was also a renowned scholar of Portuguese and Spanish literature and history, translating a number of works from those two languages into English and writing a ''History of Brazil'' (part of his planned ''History of Portugal'', which he never completed) and a ''History of the Peninsular War''. Perhaps his most enduring contribution to literary history is the children's classic ''The Story of the Three Bears'', the original Goldilocks story, first published in Southey's prose collection ''The Doctor''. ==Life== Robert Southey was born in Wine Street, Bristol, England, to Robert Southey and Margaret Hill. He was educated at Westminster School, London, (where he was expelled for writing an article in ''The Flagellant'' condemning flogging) and Balliol College, Oxford.〔Geoffrey Carnall, (Southey, Robert (1774–1843), poet and reviewer ), ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004 (2011 )). Retrieved 26 August 2012.〕 Southey later said of Oxford, "All I learnt was a little swimming ... and a little boating." Experimenting with a writing partnership with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, most notably in their joint composition of ''The Fall of Robespierre'', he published his first collection of poems in 1794. The same year, Southey, Coleridge, Robert Lovell and several others discussed creating an idealistic community ("pantisocracy") on the banks of the Susquehanna River in America:〔 :"Their wants would be simple and natural; their toil need not be such as the slaves of luxury endure; where possessions were held in common, each would work for all; in their cottages the best books would have a place; literature and science, bathed anew in the invigorating stream of life and nature, could not but rise reanimated and purified. Each young man should take to himself a mild and lovely woman for his wife; it would be her part to prepare their innocent food, and tend their hardy and beautiful race." Southey was the first to reject the idea as unworkable, suggesting that they move the intended location to Wales, but when they failed to agree the plan was abandoned. In 1799 Southey and Coleridge were involved with early experiments with nitrous oxide (laughing gas), conducted by the Cornish scientist Humphry Davy.〔(Humphry Davy ), NNDB〕 Southey married Edith Fricker at St. Mary Redcliffe, Bristol, on 14 November 1795. She was a sister of Sara Fricker, Coleridge's wife. The Southeys made their home at Greta Hall, Keswick, in the Lake District, living on his tiny income. Also living at Greta Hall supported by him were Sara Coleridge and her three children, after Coleridge abandoned them, as well as the widow of poet Robert Lovell and her son. In 1808 Southey met Walter Savage Landor, whose work he admired, and they became close friends. That same year he wrote ''Letters from England'' under the pseudonym Don Manuel Alvarez Espriella, an account of a tour supposedly from a foreigner's viewpoint. It is considered to present the most accurate picture of English ways at the beginning of the 19th century.〔(Robert Southey ) in Radical Reformers, Cotton Times〕 From 1809, Southey contributed to the ''Quarterly Review'', and had become so well known by 1813 that he was appointed Poet Laureate after Walter Scott refused the post. In 1819, through a mutual friend (John Rickman), Southey met the leading civil engineer Thomas Telford and struck up a strong friendship. From mid-August to 1 October 1819, Southey accompanied Telford on an extensive tour of his engineering projects in the Scottish Highlands, keeping a diary of his observations. This was published in 1929 as ''Journal of a Tour in Scotland in 1819''. He was also a friend of the Dutch poet Willem Bilderdijk, whom he met twice, in 1824 and 1826, at Bilderdijk's home in Leiden. In 1837 Southey received a letter from Charlotte Brontë, seeking his advice on some of her poems. He wrote back praising her talents, but also discouraging her from writing professionally. He said "Literature cannot be the business of a woman's life". Years later, Brontë remarked to a friend that the letter was "kind and admirable; a little stringent, but it did me good." In 1838, Edith died and Southey married Caroline Anne Bowles, also a poet, on 4 June 1839.〔Virginia H. Blain, '( Southey, Caroline Anne Bowles (1786–1854), poet and writer )', ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004).〕 Southey's mind was giving way when he wrote a last letter to his friend Landor in 1839, but he continued to mention Landor's name when generally incapable of mentioning any one. He died on 21 March 1843 and is buried in the churchyard of Crosthwaite Church, Keswick, where he worshipped for forty years. There is a memorial to him inside the church with an epitaph written by his friend, William Wordsworth. Many of his poems are still read by British schoolchildren, the best-known being ''The Inchcape Rock'', ''God's Judgement on a Wicked Bishop'', ''After Blenheim'' (possibly one of the earliest anti-war poems) and ''Cataract of Lodore''. As a prolific writer and commentator, Southey introduced or popularised a number of words into the English language. The term ''autobiography'', for example, was used by Southey in 1809 in the ''Quarterly Review'' in which he predicted an "epidemical rage for autobiography", which indeed has continued to the present day.〔The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' entry for ''autobiography'' contains, however, an earlier quotation using this word.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Robert Southey」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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